Bar exam topics encyclopedia
Every foundational doctrine, built as an issue-solving system.
The bar exam law encyclopedia links 213 topic guides across the tested subjects. 213 substantive topic guides connect the rule, elements, exceptions, fact signals, attack order, worked application, essay language, and practice path. This is the searchable doctrinal spine of the complete course. The nine subjects are Civil Procedure, Constitutional Law, Contracts, Criminal Law & Procedure, Evidence, Real Property, Torts, Business Associations, Family Law. Together they hold 1509 black-letter propositions and 213 worked applications. Open any topic for its full framework, an attack sequence, a distinctions table separating the rule from its common trap, a worked hypothetical, and closed-book retrieval drills. Coverage tracks the current legacy and NextGen scope; a supplied-law task or a jurisdiction-drafted exam is controlled by its own stated authorities instead.
| Subject | Topics | Propositions |
|---|---|---|
| Civil Procedure | 25 | 175 |
| Constitutional Law | 21 | 145 |
| Contracts | 24 | 178 |
| Criminal Law & Procedure | 24 | 183 |
| Evidence | 22 | 164 |
| Real Property | 31 | 211 |
| Torts | 28 | 170 |
| Business Associations | 22 | 175 |
| Family Law | 16 | 108 |
SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Civil Procedure
25 topics · 175 propositions
01Federal-question jurisdictionFederal judicial power · 4 rules · 2 tested boundariesOpen guide →02Diversity and alienage jurisdictionFederal judicial power · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →03Supplemental jurisdictionFederal judicial power · 4 rules · 2 tested boundariesOpen guide →04Removal, remand, and the forum-defendant ruleRemoval · 5 rules · 2 tested boundariesOpen guide →05General and specific personal jurisdictionPersonal jurisdiction · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →06Service of process, venue, transfer, and forum non conveniensNotice and location · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →07Erie, federal common law, and conflictsGoverning law · 4 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →08Complaints, answers, plausibility, and Rule 11Pleadings · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →09Amendments and relation backPleadings · 4 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →10Joinder, impleader, intervention, and interpleaderParties and claims · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →11Class actionsAggregate litigation · 4 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →12Scope, privileges, work product, and sanctionsDiscovery · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →13Summary judgment, JMOL, renewed JMOL, and new trialAdjudication · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →14Juries, judgments, appeals, and preclusionTrial and review · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →15Temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctionsPretrial relief · 8 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →16Rule 12: responsive-pleading deadlines, pre-answer motions, and waiver of defensesMotions · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →17Counterclaims, crossclaims, joinder of claims, and permissive joinder of partiesParties and claims · 8 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →18Discovery: scope, disclosures, work product, experts, and the discovery devicesDiscovery · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →19Dismissals, default, summary judgment, judgment as a matter of law, and relief from judgmentJudgments · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →20Jury trial: the Seventh Amendment, demand and waiver, jury selection, verdicts, and instructionsTrial · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →21Appealability: final decisions, interlocutory orders, Rule 54(b), the collateral order doctrine, and review of findingsAppeals · 10 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →22Service of process: who may serve, methods for individuals and corporations, waiver, and the 90-day limit (Rule 4)Jurisdiction and venue · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →23Removal, remand, venue, and transfer of civil cases in federal courtJurisdiction and venue · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →24Nonparty subpoenas, corporate depositions, document requests, and lost electronic information (Rules 30(b)(6), 34, 37(e), and 45)Pretrial procedures · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →25Plausible pleading and summary judgment: the Twombly, Iqbal, Celotex, and Anderson standardsDispositive motions · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →
SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Constitutional Law
21 topics · 145 propositions
01Standing, organizational standing, and third-party rightsJudicial review · 4 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →02Ripeness, mootness, political questions, and state immunityJudicial review · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →03Commerce, taxing, spending, and necessary powersCongress · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →04Tenth Amendment, commandeering, preemption, and intergovernmental immunityFederalism · 4 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →05Dormant Commerce Clause and privileges and immunitiesInterstate structure · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →06Presidential authority, appointment, removal, and immunityExecutive power · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →07Protected interests and required processProcedural due process · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →08Substantive due process and fundamental rightsSubstantive rights · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →09Classifications, discriminatory purpose, and tiers of scrutinyEqual protection · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →10Takings, exactions, and contractsProperty and regulation · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →11Content regulation, unprotected speech, and overbreadthExpression · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →12Public forums, time-place-manner rules, and government speechForums and regulation · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →13Free exercise, establishment, association, and compelled speechReligion and association · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →14Separation of powers: presentment, the legislative veto, the line-item veto, executive power, war powers, and Speech or DebateSeparation of powers · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →15Incorporation of the Bill of Rights and unconstitutional conditionsIndividual rights · 10 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →16Advisory opinions and adequate and independent state groundsFederal judicial power · 9 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →17Federal administrative agencies: removal power, appointments, delegation, judicial review of statutes, and agency adjudicationExecutive powers · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →18Religion clauses: legislative prayer, religious displays, school aid, neutral laws, individualized exemptions, and religious statusIndividual rights · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →19Free speech: incitement, fighting words, forums, permit schemes, public employees, students, and press accessIndividual rights · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →20Fundamental rights: medical treatment, abortion, voting, campaign spending, association, travel, and the right to bear armsIndividual rights · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →21State sovereign immunity, the spending power, anticommandeering, and the presumption against preemptionThe relation of nation and states in a federal system · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →
SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Contracts
24 topics · 178 propositions
01Common law, UCC Article 2, and mixed contractsGoverning law · 4 rules · 2 tested boundariesOpen guide →02Offer, preliminary negotiation, and indefinitenessFormation · 4 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →03Termination of offers and option protectionFormation · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →04Acceptance, mailbox rule, and unilateral performanceFormation · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →05Consideration, modification, and promissory estoppelBargain · 4 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →06Capacity, mistake, misrepresentation, duress, and unconscionabilityDefenses · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →07Statute of Frauds and parol evidenceWriting and terms · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →08Battle of the forms and gap fillersUCC formation · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →09Conditions, substantial performance, and material breachPerformance · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →10Perfect tender, cure, installment contracts, and risk of lossSales performance · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →11Anticipatory repudiation, assurance, impracticability, and frustrationBreach and excuse · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →12Expectation, reliance, restitution, and limitationsRemedies · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →13Specific performance, liquidated damages, and UCC remediesRemedies · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →14Beneficiaries, assignment, delegation, and novationThird parties · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →15UCC warranties: express, merchantability, fitness, disclaimers, and remedy limitsSales of goods · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →16Buyer's rights on nonconforming goods: rejection, acceptance, revocation, cure, cover, and damagesSales of goods · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →17Sales contracts with open terms: formation, price, delivery, time, and cooperationSales of goods · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →18Modification, waiver, no-oral-modification clauses, and accord and satisfaction by checkSales of goods · 11 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →19Electronic signatures and records: the federal E-SIGN Act and its exceptionsDefenses to enforceability · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →20Consideration, forbearance, moral obligation, and promissory estoppel: Hamer, Kirksey, Webb, Red Owl, and DrennanFormation of contracts · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →21Minors, undue influence, mutual mistake, reformation, and nondisclosure (Dodson, Odorizzi, MacKay, Hylton, Laidlaw)Defenses to enforceability · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →22Liquidated damages, excuse by impracticability under the UCC, and wrongful discharge of at-will employeesBreach and discharge · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →23Third-party beneficiaries, delegation and assignment under the UCC, and the scope of Article 2Third-party rights and obligations · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →24Employment agreements: written restraints on trade, wage payment, deductions, and final pay under North Carolina lawFormation of contracts · 12 rules · 5 tested boundariesOpen guide →
SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Criminal Law & Procedure
24 topics · 183 propositions
01Act, culpability, and causationFoundations · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →02Murder and degreesHomicide · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →03Manslaughter and mitigationHomicide · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →04Assault, battery, confinement, and kidnappingOffenses against persons · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →05Theft offenses, robbery, burglary, and arsonProperty offenses · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →06Attempt, solicitation, and conspiracyInchoate liability · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →07Accomplice liability and withdrawalComplicity · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →08Self-defense, defense of others, property, and necessityJustification · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →09Insanity, intoxication, duress, mistake, and entrapmentExcuse and negation · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →10Searches, seizures, warrants, and personal rightsFourth Amendment · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →11Warrant exceptions and police encountersFourth Amendment · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →12Miranda, voluntariness, and counselStatements · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →13Identification, disclosure, confrontation, jury, and counselTrial rights · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →14Double jeopardy, pleas, and punishmentFinality · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →15Consent, vehicle searches, and the good-faith exception to the exclusionary ruleFourth Amendment · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →16Prosecutor disclosure, the reasonable-doubt standard, harmless error, and race-based jury strikesCriminal procedure · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →17Conspiracy, Pinkerton liability, accessories, and mistake of lawAccomplice and conspiracy liability · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →18Drug possession and distribution offenses, impaired driving, and death or injury by vehicle (federal statutes and North Carolina as the model)Statutory crimes · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →19Fruit of the poisonous tree: independent source, inevitable discovery, attenuation, and knock-and-announceFourth Amendment · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →20Miranda: custody warnings, invoking rights, waiver, undercover agents, and DickersonFifth Amendment · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →21Right to counsel: appointment, attachment, ineffective assistance, self-representation, and conflictsSixth Amendment · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →22Eyewitness identification: lineups, showups, voice and physical exemplars, and due process reliabilityConstitutional protections of accused persons · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →23Administrative and suspicionless searches: schools, checkpoints, borders, new technology, and community caretakingFourth Amendment · 11 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →24Homicide grading, felony murder, self-defense, and burdens of proof (North Carolina statutes and Supreme Court cases)Statutory crimes · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →
SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Evidence
22 topics · 164 propositions
01Logical relevance, conditional relevance, and Rule 403Relevance · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →02Remedial measures, compromise, medical payments, pleas, and insurancePolicy exclusions · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →03Propensity and character methodsCharacter · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →04Crimes, wrongs, acts, and habitOther acts · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →05Competency, personal knowledge, memory, and lay opinionWitness proof · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →06Bias, contradiction, truthfulness, convictions, and prior statementsImpeachment · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →07Qualification, reliability, bases, and scopeExperts · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →08Definition, nontruth use, verbal acts, and multiple layersHearsay foundations · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →09Opposing-party and prior witness statementsDefined nonhearsay · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →10Former testimony, dying declarations, interest, and forfeitureUnavailability exceptions · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →11Spontaneous, condition, medical, records, and residual exceptionsOther exceptions · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →12Testimonial hearsay in criminal casesConfrontation · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →13Attorney-client, work product, marital, and related protectionPrivileges · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →14Authentication, original documents, notice, and presumptionsPhysical and documentary proof · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →15Preserving error, preliminary questions, limiting instructions, and excluding witnessesTrial mechanics · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →16Refreshing memory, recorded recollection, adopted statements, and hearsay within hearsayHearsay and witness memory · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →17Sex-offense cases: the rape shield rule and similar-acts evidenceCharacter and other acts · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →18Privileges in federal court: general rule, psychotherapist, corporate attorney-client, and waiverPrivileges · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →19Authentication, self-authenticating documents, and the original-writing ruleAuthentication and best evidence · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →20The Confrontation Clause: testimonial statements, emergency questioning, forensic reports, and codefendant confessionsHearsay and circumstances of its admissibility · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →21Public records, learned treatises, character reputation, statements against interest, forfeiture, and rules on insurance, judges, jurors, and religionExceptions to the rule against hearsay · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →22Expert reliability (Rule 702, Daubert, Joiner, Kumho), judicial notice (Rule 201), and the spousal testimonial privilege (Trammel)Opinions and expert testimony; presentation of evidence; privileges · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →
SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Real Property
31 topics · 211 propositions
01Present estates and defeasible feesEstates · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →02Remainders, executory interests, reversions, and RAPFuture interests · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →03Cotenancies, severance, accounting, and partitionConcurrent ownership · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →04Tenancies, possession, rent, assignment, and subleaseLandlord-tenant · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →05Habitability, quiet enjoyment, tort duties, and wasteTenant protection · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →06Marketable title, equitable conversion, casualty, and disclosureLand sale · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →07Execution, delivery, acceptance, and covenantsDeeds · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →08Notice, race, race-notice, and chain of titleRecording · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →09Debt, transfer, priority, foreclosure, and redemptionMortgages · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →10Creation, scope, transfer, and terminationEasements · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →11Real covenants, equitable servitudes, and common plansLand promises · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →12Adverse possession, nuisance, support, water, and fixturesPossession and use · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →13Zoning, variances, nonconforming uses, and takingsPublic controls · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →14Survivorship, class gifts, and common-law rules that affect future interestsFuture interests · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →15The Rule Against Perpetuities: common-law rule, exclusions, and statutory reformSpecial problems · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →16Ending a tenancy: notice, abandonment, mitigation, deposits, and retaliationLandlord-tenant law · 8 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →17Fair housing, discrimination, and conflicts of law in land disputesSpecial problems · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →18Licenses, profits, and how easements arise, are limited, and endEasements and licenses · 8 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →19Property owners' associations and common interest communitiesRestrictive covenants · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →20Real estate brokerage: licensing, listing agreements, commissions, and broker dutiesReal estate contracts · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →21Contracts for the sale of land: writing, part performance, time, and remediesReal estate contracts · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →22Options, rights of first refusal, merger by deed, and implied warranties in new homesReal estate contracts · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →23Security devices: mortgages, deeds of trust, installment contracts, and deeds absoluteMortgages and security devices · 8 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →24Mortgage transfers, discharge, foreclosure procedure, deficiencies, and redemptionMortgages and security devices · 9 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →25Transfers at death and by operation of law: wills, intestacy, ademption, exoneration, and lapseTitles · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →26Title assurance: recording statutes, constructive notice, liens, title insurance, and estoppel by deedTitle assurance · 9 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →27Adverse possession in depth: elements, mistaken boundaries, tacking, color of title, and taxesTitles · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →28Leases: consent to assignment, the warranty of habitability, constructive eviction, and self-helpLandlord-tenant law · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →29Easements implied from prior use, easements by necessity, and easements by estoppelRights in real property · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →30Power-of-sale foreclosure, deficiency defenses, surplus, registration of conveyances, and seller disclosure (North Carolina statutes)Mortgages and foreclosure · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →31Cotenancy: mortgages and leases by one joint tenant, rent and ouster, contribution, and partitionOwnership of real property · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →
SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Torts
28 topics · 170 propositions
01Intent, battery, assault, and transferred intentIntentional torts · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →02Confinement, emotional distress, and property tortsIntentional torts · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →03Consent, self-defense, property defense, necessity, and authorityPrivileges · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →04Duty and the reasonable personNegligence · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →05Omissions, rescue, relationships, land entrants, and emotional harmSpecial duties · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →06Risk balancing, custom, res ipsa, and multiple actorsBreach and proof · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →07Actual cause, multiple causes, and loss of chanceCausation · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →08Proximate cause, intervening forces, and eggshell injuriesCausation · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →09Compensatory damages, mitigation, comparative fault, and assumption of riskDamages and defenses · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →10Vicarious liability, independent contractors, and contributionResponsibility for others · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →11Animals and abnormally dangerous activitiesStrict liability · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →12Manufacturing, design, warning, warranty, and defensesProducts · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →13Defamation, privileges, and privacy tortsReputation and privacy · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →14Nuisance, misrepresentation, and interferenceLand interference and economic torts · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →15Unforeseeable plaintiffs and duties to control third partiesDuty · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →16Owners and occupiers of landLand occupiers · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →17Emotional distress, wrongful death, survival, and loss of consortiumIntangible injuries · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →18Pure economic loss and negligent misrepresentation to third partiesEconomic loss · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →19Joint and several liability, contribution, indemnity, and settlementApportionment · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →20Contributory negligence, last clear chance, and comparative fault variantsDefenses · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →21Products liability: design tests, warranty theories, and federal preemptionProducts · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →22Defamation and the First Amendment: public figures, opinion, and privilegesDefamation · 8 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →23Privacy torts, false light, and the right of publicityPrivacy · 8 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →24Interference with business relations, malicious prosecution, and abuse of processBusiness torts · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →25Employee status, nondelegable duties, and statutory owner liabilityLiability for others · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →26Privileges of authority and necessity: arrest, merchants, family defense, and incomplete privilegePrivileges · 7 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →27Negligent infliction of emotional distress: bystander recovery, the zone-of-danger test, and the impact ruleNegligence · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →28Duty to aid a companion, voluntary rescue, and fraudulent misrepresentation and concealmentNegligence and misrepresentation · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →
SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Business Associations
22 topics · 175 propositions
01Creation and actual authorityAgency · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →02Apparent authority, estoppel, and ratificationAgency · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →03Contract liability and agent warrantiesAgency · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →04Employee status and vicarious liabilityAgency and tort · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →05Care, loyalty, obedience, information, and remediesAgency duties · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →06Formation, property, management, and authorityPartnership · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →07Partner liability, duties, dissociation, and dissolutionPartnership · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →08Corporations, promoters, and preincorporation contractsFormation · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →09Shares, subscriptions, issuance, and veil piercingCorporate capital · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →10Board, officers, shareholder voting, and distributionsGovernance · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →11Care, loyalty, business judgment, and oversightFiduciary duties · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →12Direct, derivative, and closely held claimsOwner litigation · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →13LLC governance and fundamental transactionsLLCs and change · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →14Director protections: exculpation, good-faith reliance, indemnification, advancement, and insurance (Delaware)Corporate governance · 15 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →15Stockholder meetings, voting, proxies, written consent, and removal or replacement of directors (Delaware)Corporate governance · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →16Mergers, sales of substantially all assets, dissolution, and appraisal rights (Delaware)Fundamental changes · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →17Purported partners, partner agency, and partner liability (Delaware Revised Uniform Partnership Act)Partnerships · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →18Limited liability companies: formation, operating agreements, management, member liability, and fiduciary duties (Delaware)Formation of corporations and limited liability companies · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →19Corporate charters, bylaws, board procedure, staggered boards, cumulative voting, and stockholder voting agreements (Delaware)Formation and governance of corporations · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →20Promoters, preincorporation contracts, de facto corporations, and corporation by estoppelFormation of corporations · 10 rules · 4 tested boundariesOpen guide →21Director and officer duties, conflict-of-interest transactions, and unlawful distributions under the North Carolina Business Corporation ActCorporate governance · 14 rules · 5 tested boundariesOpen guide →22North Carolina limited liability company management, standards of conduct, distributions, derivative actions, and dissolutionFormation and governance of corporations and limited liability companies · 14 rules · 5 tested boundariesOpen guide →
SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Family Law
16 topics · 108 propositions
01Validity, common-law marriage, and annulmentMarriage · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →02Formation, disclosure, fairness, and modificationPremarital agreements · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →03Divorce jurisdiction, domicile, recognition, and procedureDissolution · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →04Classification, valuation, distribution, and debtProperty · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →05Entitlement, amount, duration, modification, and terminationSpousal support · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →06Presumptions, assisted reproduction, and parentage actionsParentage · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →07Guidelines, income, modification, enforcement, and interstate rulesChild support · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →08Best interests, parenting plans, and constitutional limitsCustody · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →09Modification, relocation, enforcement, and parental kidnappingCustody changes · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →10UCCJEA jurisdiction and enforcementInterstate custody · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →11UIFSA jurisdiction, continuing authority, and enforcementInterstate support · 5 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →12Consent, termination, notice, and finalizationAdoption · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →13Domestic violence, protective orders, and child protectionFamily safety · 6 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →14Constitutional limits on family law: marriage, parental rights, termination, and child-support contemptConstitutional limits · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →15Child-custody jurisdiction: home state, exclusive continuing jurisdiction, emergencies, and enforcement across statesChild custody jurisdiction · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →16Dividing property and awarding alimony at divorce: marital versus separate property (North Carolina as the model)Divorce · 12 rules · 3 tested boundariesOpen guide →